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by Esther17

How To Design Your Own Cotton Bag for Life

Use of Cotton Bags for Life has increased in recent years due to their positive influence on the environment in terms of lowering waste . Many responsible shoppers are now using re-usable cotton bags for their shopping and large stores actively sell them over the counter in a bid to reduce the number of carrier bags given to customers. Plain bags are normally sold for their nominal sum, but if you want to standout from the crowd, bags with design could fetch considerably more. Another option which is much cheaper and more special is to design your very own bag for life, using your very own creative skills and your home printer. Let’s get to work.

How To Design Your Own Cotton Bag for Life:

A. Purchase a Plain Cotton Bag – The first step is to purchase a plain re-usable and biodegradable bag from your local store. You might want to purchase a pack of at least 5 bags to apply different designs and to experiment.

B. Prepare Your Design – Not only images could be applied on the bag, but also text using notepad or Word. If you decided to print an image onto the bag, download an image to your computer and ensure the quality is high, the image isn’t pixelated and that you are allowed to use the image.

C. Purchase Transfer Paper – Using your own home or office printer, the design should be printed onto a special transfer paper to finally ironed on the bag. Transfer paper also known as iron on paper is available for light or dark cotton bags.

D. Iron The Design Onto The Bag – The most important phase is delivering the design from the transfer paper to the bag and it includes the following steps.

Step 1 – Set your printer to work optimally with the type of paper you bought. For HP printers choose iron on paper (can be found under special paper), for Epson printers choose plain paper and tick ‘flip horizontal’ to create a mirror image and for Canon printers choose iron on t shirt paper

Step 2 – Lay the bag on to a stable hard surface (not an ironing board) and using a hot iron with a min 1200w iron the transfer paper all over for a few seconds to fix it on to the bag. Iron systematically in small cycles every part of the transfer, spending 5-10 seconds in each position.

Step 3 – Peel off the backing material and the bag is ready.

Enjoy your cotton bag for life.

by twak

Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip

Vango tents come highly recommended for their quality and design, as well as the wide variety of options available to suit everyone from the first-time camper to the seasoned backpacker or family group.

The Adventure range for instance comprises budget tents in a choice of designs, including tunnel tents such as the Zetes 300 and semi-geodesic structures like the Sigma 300. These tents are excellent value for money and provide a positive introduction to camping.

Popup tents have been becoming more ‘pop’ ular, as those new to camping often find pitching a tent can be awkward and off-putting and sometimes, if a blustery shower moves in, a quick pitch means sitting safely inside the tent instead of struggling with wet, flapping material and poles. Vango’s popup tents range from a beginner’s single-skin version to more sturdy and weatherproof options such as the Dart DS 300. There are also a couple of tepee-style tents, such as the Juno Tepee 300, where there is no separate inner and the emphasis is on simplicity and sociability.

Vango’s Weekend tents are ideal for families or couples having a short break. These tents can sleep from three to eight people depending on the design, and offer different arrangements in terms of living and sleeping compartments. The family can safely slumber in bedrooms laid out next to one another in a tent like the Artemis 600 or, if more privacy is required, they can snore away at opposite ends of the living area in the Breakout 6 DLX. More technical tents in the range, such as the Nevis 600, have an even more waterproof flysheet and use alloy poles instead of steel, making the tent lighter.

If separate sleeping chambers are preferred, the Colorado 600 DLX could be suitable, with its three individual bedroom pods arranged at intervals around a central dome, together with a porch space at one end. Vango’s Premium family tents offer the most space, comfort and flexibility of all, with options such as the Monte Verde 900 sleeping up to nine in a light, airy and customisable structure.

Cotton offers a cooler, more breathable alternative to nylon, and Vango has produced a Classic range using polycotton. The Aruba 600 is one such tent, which also sports alloy poles, a sewn-in groundsheet and a stable tunnel design, providing a delightful camping experience. For the environmentally conscious camper Vango offers an Eco range, with designs such as the Green Bean 350, where almost the entire tent apart from the groundsheet, zippers and poles is manufactured from recycled plastic bottles.

Vango caters for backpackers and those who like to camp in the mountains, with an assortment of strong, lightweight tents ranging from the one person, single skin, Ultralite 100, weighing only one kilo, to the immensely stable Hurricane 200, which should stand up to most conditions the weather can throw at it. At Outdoor World Direct we have found these lightweight tents are popular with participants in the Duke of Edinburgh award scheme.

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by Uwe Hermann

Comprehending PCB design

PCBs, or printed circuit boards, are found wherever there are electronic components. Whenever you see an electronic gizmo, a PCB layout is at its heart. PCB design is an essential element of business and leisure.

A PCB designer etches, or traces, conductive pathways from copper sheets that have been laminated onto a non-conductive base. This provides an electronic pathway to connect various electronic components together. Together, they are known as a printed circuit board assembly.

PCB layout is a complex and challenging skill. However, the low cost, high reliability, and high-volume speed of PCB design has seen it take over from older methods like point-to-point circuits.

PCB layout has been made a lot easier in recent years with the development of specialised software tools. However, it is still a specialised task needing a high degree of patience and concentration.  PCB design services remain dependent on maintaining very high standards.

It is important that the PCB layout is accurate, and the correct board is used. The conducting layers are made of thin copper foil, while the non-conducting, or insulating layers are composed from a variety of different substrates, laminated together with epoxy resin. It is pivotal to choose the right type of substrate as this will affect the insulating properties of the board. Similarly, the width of the trace will affect the resistance of the circuit.

We at Concept CAD employ highly skilled PCB designers and the very latest PCB layout tools, such as Cadence Allegro, to create complex PCB designs for a wide range of applications.

This is a method using pulse injection to find problems in printed circuit boards that may cause field or EMC compliance problems. This is intended for Design, Manufacturing, and Test Engineers and Technicians of electronic products.

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by AIDG

Structural Engineering Service, Structural Steel Design

Structural designing is part of the structural engineering. We can design each and every part of the structure customize as per requirement of the architect. One of the most important aspects of the structural design for architect is erection and configuration of the structural components. Structural designing various form types of structures like R.C.C Structure, Steel Structure, Pre Engineering Structure, Precast Structures. Steel structure is mostly used in high rise building and non building structure. Structural engineer design the structure which supports system of building, skyscrapers to bridges, automobiles to ships, pipelines to rocket gantries. Structural engineer design the structure with columns, beams, plates, and other structural engineering elements. Structural engineer design the structure with help of architects and all other engineering team members.

Structural engineers also inspect, analyze, design, plan and research structural systems. While designing the structure they take into account mainly the technical, economic and environmental concerns. It is the Structural Engineers who design buildings, towers and bridges. They make sure that the buildings and bridges are strong enough to withstand structural loads such as gravity, different types of climate, earthquake etc. They study the durability of the materials used in the construction against possible deterioration in the long run.

Structural Engineers also project engineers who are always present at the site. It is the responsibility of the project engineers to direct the team of individuals, keep track of the project and the economic factors for future jobs. In short he plays a major role in every stage of the work and post-production support.

Structural Engineering Outsourcing Services mainly involves 2D Drafting and Designing, 3D Modeling, CAD steel detailing services and Steel Structure Detailing. Outsourcing structural services has the top companies in India offering you all these services at very cost effective rates. Some of the other detailed services provided by us are CAD conversion, Paper to CAD, analysis services, shop drawings, fabrication drawings, construction drawings, erection layout, anchor bolt layout, stairs and handrail, grating and platform, foundation layout, R.C.C detailing, post tension slab detailing, wooden structure detailing, prefabricated water retaining structure detailing, bridge detailing, R.C.C structure detailing, hydraulic structure detailing and the list goes on. Every minute detail is well taken care of by our expert team.

Related Structural Engineer Articles

Know More about PCB Design in UK

On a daily basis, we use different types of electronic items such as mobile phones, television, laptops, computers and lots more. These all electronic equipments make the use of PCBs (printed circuit boards). A PCB can be defined as a platform where different electronic components are fixed all together in order to make the device functional. PCB design UK is an essential part of business.

A PCB designer etches, or traces, conductive pathways from copper sheets that have been laminated onto a non-conductive base. There are numerous electronic companies in UK that are involved into electronic components manufacturing make the use of PCBs on a large basis. These companies either make the PCB itself or purchase it from somewhere on bulk. A company involves into PCB design is capable of designing the circuit board for different types and sizes of electronic products. In simle words, the PCB design UK for a laptop is different from a desktop. To cater the needs of different markets, the PCB Design companies UK make the use of latest manufacturing technologies. The wide range of Printed Circuit Board layout services includes Assembly Drawings, BOM Creation, Schematic Capture, PCB Layout, and Library Part Creation etc. There are different types of PCBs such as Single-Sided, Double-sided, SMT, Multi-layer, Blind and buried vias, Flexi-rigid, and Rigidised flexi.

There are numerous softwares available in the market that is specifically developed for PCB design in UK. These softwares include Vutrax, Cadstar, and P-Cad etc. Modern PCB design tools fulfill a number of functions. They must be capable of facing the complex tasks in miniature, whist being quick and accurate in use. Modern PCB design UK systems make the use of latest technology in order to cater the need of different electronic markets.

PCB design services often utilize numerous platforms, so it’s essential the use interface of each is comprehensive and easy to use.

Established in 1987, Blackburn Circuit Design Ltd provides a high quality PCB design, manufacturing and assembly service to the electronics industry. We are a team of professional PCB design UK engineers offering a wealth of layout experience ranging from single-sided boards for the consumer market through to complex multi-layer flexi-rigid PCB’s for the defense industry.

by andymatthewsphotography.com

Structural Engineering for 3D Steel Building Design

The structural engineering is a field of technology treating the structural analysis and the structural design which support or resist loads economically. The structural engineering is usually considered a speciality in civil engineering and structural steel detailing.

Structural engineers frequently expertise in particular fields, such as bridge engineering, steel buildings engineering, pipeline engineering, industrial structures or special structures. Structural engineering design services includes various significant element such as beams, walls, column and floor, because structural design and analysis is essentially responsible for 3D building structural design.

Structural steel building engineering design includes all structural engineering related to the 3D design of buildings. It is the division of structural engineering that is close to architecture. The 3D structural design for a building must guarantee that the building is able to stand up securely, able to function without extreme deflections or movements that may cause exhaustion of structural elements, cracking or failure of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or discomfort for occupants. The 3D structural design of modern buildings can be extremely difficult, and often requires a large team to complete.

Structural engineering specialties for buildings include:
• Earthquake Engineering
• Facade Engineering
• Fire Engineering
• Roof Engineering
• Tower Engineering
• Wind Engineering

Structural engineers examine 3d steel buildings during and after building construction and supervise the use of the concrete, steel and timber of which they are completed. They must also be conscious of both noticeable and imperceptible uses for the structures and how these uses affect its 3d structural design.

Structural engineers analyze, design, plan and research structural components and structural systems. Structural engineer can choose which construction method should be used to present a most constructive 3d building design that is easy to implement and cost-effective. A high-quality 3D structural design engineer can save your money, time and efforts.

Every building construction project requires a structural engineer to utilize diverse examine. Structural engineers are responsible for 3d building design and efficient use of funds, structural elements and materials to achieve these goals. For more information, please visit http://www.structuralcaddservices.com

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by 5Volt

Optimize electronic systems with a smart PCB design

The dependence of man over electronic appliances and products has been increasing with each passing day. There are so many different products that have been made by man but the invention of various electronic products has instantly made them overall favorites. Many electronic product manufacturing companies are constantly researching, developing and testing newer products to make life easier for you. With the increase in technological complexity, the only way in which the best electronic products can be made with simpler designs is with the help of a smart PCB layout.

A PCB or a printed circuit board is what forms the basic framework of virtually all electronic products from pagers and mobile phones to radars and complex electronic tools. You have been able to enjoy the usage of several interesting electronic gadgets because their functioning has been made simpler with a good PCB design. Without a doubt, these PCB’s are extremely important in the integral design of any electronic item. With a well thought Cadence design, you can create electronic products like battery operated toys, MP3 players, television sets, cars and even aircrafts. You will be able to use intelligent designs of these PCB’s to develop almost any electronic product.

While there are many different types of circuits that can be used in the development of electronic products, PCB’s are the best as they are the most compact. You will be able to find the application of a good Allegro design of a PCB in the smallest electronic products because of the size of these circuit boards. A really great advantage that you will get if you use the Allegro layout of a PCB is that it will utilize lesser wires. This will definitely make the task of producing electronic items cost effective and that is why mass producers of electronic gadgets prefer PCB’s over others.

Developing innovative electronic products that are really appealing to the eye and also have the best features isn’t an easy task. However, you will be able to get the best option in hand with a Cadence layout that will make the whole procedure of making these electronic products easier. There are many different service providers out there who will be able to offer you the best expertise around by designing a PCB layout that will have your competitors panicking. Creating an excellent electronic product is one area where there is intense competition and you will have a really strong advantage on your side if you choose to use PCB’s.

As the world is moving forward, newer technologies will come forth bringing in the new and pushing out the old. For any electronics product manufacturing solution, the need of the hour will be a service that gives them the much needed help in making the manufacturing process easier. With the help of a service provider offering a leading PCB design, the most innovative products can be created with ease. These well designed circuit boards have the capability to become the foundation steps of some of the best electronic products of the era.

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by ParaScubaSailor

Specification-Based Test Design Techniques as per ISTQB Advanced Level Syllabus

Specification-Based Test Design Techniques as per ISTQB Advanced Level Syllabus

Test analysts and technical test analysts lay major attention to design, implementation and execution of tests using various testing techniques. Specification-based techniques are one of such techniques.

Specification-based techniques are popular by more refined names like behavior-based techniques or Black Box test design techniques. These techniques can be used for any level of test activity. These are used by both test analysts and technical test analysts, but exploited mainly by the test analysts.

Code is designed and developed from the software requirement’s specifications (SRS) documents being the primary input documents. Likewise specification-based test techniques too are based upon the test conditions & test cases derived from the SRS documents.

We can make our specifications that can be in the form of text documents, pictures, models, compilation of features, or any other document which could help us in understanding as to what we expect from the software & how it is going to accomplish that.

Test coverage is represented by the percentage of the specified items addressed by the designed tests. Coverage of all the specified items does not necessarily indicate complete test coverage, but it does indicate that we have addressed what was specified. For further coverage, we may need to look for additional information.

ISTQB Advanced Level syllabus addresses following seven types of specification-based techniques

1) Equivalence Partitioning:

Brief Description: It involves grouping of test conditions into various partitions, which are handled in the same way.

Coverage Criteria: Number of Coverage Partitions / Total No. of Partitions

2) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):

Brief Description: It involves defining boundaries of the partitions & testing for them thereafter.

Coverage Criteria: Number of Distinct Boundary Values covered / Total No. of Boundary Values

3) Decision table testing / cause-effect graphing:

Brief Description: It involves defining & testing for different combinations of conditions.

Coverage Criteria: Number of combinations of conditions covered / Maximum No. of combinations of conditions

4) State transition Tables:

Brief Description: It involves Identification of all types of valid states & transitions, which need to be tested.

Coverage Criteria: For single transitions, the coverage metrics is the percentage of all valid transitions exercised during test. This is known as 0-switch coverage. For n-transitions the coverage measure is the percentage of all valid sequences of n-transitions exercised during the test. This is known as (n-1) switch coverage

5) All pair testing / Orthogonal Array Testing:

Brief Description: It involves Identification of various combinations of configurations that need to be tested.

6) Classification Tree Method:

Brief Description: It involves the use of graphical notations to describe the classes or test conditions and combinations handled by the test cases.

Coverage Criteria: It depends upon the technique applied, e.g. pair wise is distinct from classification trees.

7) Use Case Testing:

Brief Description: It involves Identification of various usage scenarios & then testing accordingly.

Coverage Criteria: No formal criteria apply.
 
Sometimes one or more of these techniques are combined to create our tests. For example, the conditions identified in a decision table might be subjected to equivalence partitioning to discover multiple ways in which a condition might be satisfied. Tests would then cover not only every combination of conditions, but also, for those conditions which are partitioned, additional tests would be generated to cover the equivalence partitions.

by Uwe Hermann

How the latest PCB design products are revolutionising the electronics industry

Printed circuit board design has come on in leaps and bounds in the last few years; with tools like the Cadence Allegro PCB design range making intricate, small-scale layouts fast and easy to create. Cadence PCB design has a full range of features, specifically aimed at the electrical and physical constraints of modern PCB layouts. Modern electronic components are far smaller, and more complex, than those of yesterday – printed circuit boards have to address this, by becoming finer and easier to use. PCB’s were once a specialist area, and therefore designers could take many hours over each one. Today, however, they are used extensively in commerce, industry, health, research and consumer goods. Practically everyone has a mobile phone. Game systems and I-pods are found in every household. From toys to greetings cards, printed circuit boards are the norm. This puts tremendous pressure on the designers and creators, who are expected to have fast and reliable output to keep up with demand. Printed circuit boards, for all their modernity, are still one product that is largely assembled by hand. Today’s PCB design technicians are looking for specific features in the tools they use, which will enable them to create restraint-driven PCB’s swiftly and accurately. This is why products like the Cadence Allegro are so sought after – they have been thoroughly researched to offer the very latest PCB routing, design and layout systems. The user interface is consistent and easy to use, throughout the entire design flow. Global routing technology can be used in complex PCB layouts with a high speed interface, in a way that wasn’t possible before. We at Concept Cad use high powered tools like the Cadence Allegro Expert XL to give us full control, precision, accuracy and constraint – no matter how complex the boards we supply.

Printed circuit board design has come on in leaps and bounds in the last few years; with tools like the Cadence Allegro PCB design range making intricate, small-scale layouts fast and easy to create.

Cadence PCB design has a full range of features, specifically aimed at the electrical and physical constraints of modern PCB layouts. Modern electronic components are far smaller, and more complex, than those of yesterday – printed circuit boards have to address this, by becoming finer and easier to use.

PCB’s were once a specialist area, and therefore designers could take many hours over each one. Today, however, they are used extensively in commerce, industry, health, research and consumer goods. Practically everyone has a mobile phone. Game systems and I-pods are found in every household. From toys to greetings cards, printed circuit boards are the norm. This puts tremendous pressure on the designers and creators, who are expected to have fast and reliable output to keep up with demand. Printed circuit boards, for all their modernity, are still one product that is largely assembled by hand.

Today’s PCB design technicians are looking for specific features in the tools they use, which will enable them to create restraint-driven PCB’s swiftly and accurately. This is why products like the Cadence Allegro are so sought after – they have been thoroughly researched to offer the very latest PCB routing, design and layout systems. The user interface is consistent and easy to use, throughout the entire design flow. Global routing technology can be used in complex PCB layouts with a high speed interface, in a way that wasn’t possible before.

We at Concept Cad use high powered tools like the Cadence Allegro Expert XL to give us full control, precision, accuracy and constraint – no matter how complex the boards we supply.

A very brief introduction to using ExpressPCB schematic and PCB layout applications together, using netlists to automatically highlight which pins should be joined using traces. Of importance is the use of unique part ID numbers, which enable to PCB software to calculate which pins should be connected together. Use the netlist button to highlight pins after drawing the PCB, to compare with the original schematic.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

by Wasfi Akab

3D Renderings Architectural Breathes New Life into Construction Design

The architectural designs have got a new meaning with the introduction & use of 3d render & mapping service. These advance visualization methods has brought about a sea change in the way construction designs were used to be visualized earlier. The 3d render service has enabled us to have access to better visualization, real looking 3d rendering architectural, better layout design, efficient design management without any fault & inexpensive construction design within less possible time.

The 3d renderings architectural service is targeted to present the architectural designs in the 3d virtual form & the concerned designs look lively. The architectural 3d render service ensures improvement in the communication & design value. It facilitates the real estate developers, architectures & stakeholders to understand the basics & grasp the design layout faster.

Basically 3d rendering architectural is the best option one can use to beautify his/her construction project & dispose of it faster. In fact the 3d render is emerging as one of the powerful visualization tools that can enhance the initial project design & make it appear to the clients & share holders exactly the same as they would look after they have been built.

The 3d renderings architectural take into account every real life elements such as people, vegetation, color, texture, lighting & surroundings to the rendering process to make designs look like real. The interior designers, contractors, architects & property developers are widely using some of the common CAD software technologies including 3D Max, Adobe Photoshop, ArchiCAD & Revit Architecture for giving 3d render finishing. These 3d renderings architectural software are greatly used as promotional tools in advertisements & brochures.

The addition of advance CAD software & technology has led to the withdrawal of conventional hand drawn 3d renders from the architectural design making process. To increase the value of their designs & make them more appealing to clients, architects are opting for 3d renderings architectural service to develop look real images. These images are prepared using either a full scale architectural walkthrough/flythrough & photo-realistic visual technology in a digital platform.

The architectural 3d render designs offer benefits like superior quality, accurate detailing & drawing of more number of vantage points resulting in better communication. Their application areas include office architectural renderings, furniture 3d rendering, 3d interior design, interior architectural 3d rendering & much more. The 3d render visualization centers around floor designs, landscape design, hotel exterior & interior renderings, site plan walkthrough/flythrough. The 3d product renderings have huge potential that they can relate to a layman instantly.

Sketchup Modelling and Podium Render.
Video Rating: 5 / 5

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